مجله پژوهش های کاربردی روانشناختی
سال هشتم شماره 1 (بهار 1396)

Facial expressions of emotion are one of the most complex mental states. The aim of this study was to examine the link between attachment styles and ability to recognize facial expressions of emotion. In a cross-sectional study, 221 people (100 women and 121 men) from Shahid Beheshti students were selected using convenience sampling method and completed the revised computerized version of the facial emotional expressions test and Attachment Style Questionnaire. Results indicated difference between individuals with secure and insecure attachment styles in recognizing facial expressions of emotion. So that individuals with secure attachment styles had better performance than individuals with insecure attachment. There were no significant differences between individuals with avoidance and anxiety attachment styles. Results are discussed in terms of the long-term influence of early experiences of mother and child relationship on the ability to recognize facial emotional expressions.

Classroom structure has plenty of influence on learning process. Creative education environment is one of the most important influential factors in learning quality as one of the effective variables on the intrinsic motivation. In this study, the relationship between creative education environment and self-regulated learning strategies and mediation of intrinsic learning motivation was studied. 300 female students of the university of Tehran, from faculties of psychology, social science and economy, were selected based on convenience sampling method to respond to the questionnaires of actual creative education atmosphere, spontaneous learning strategies MSLQ and intrinsic motivation AMS. The results were analyzed using structural equations modeling. The obtained results showed that creative education atmosphere has significant correlation with the self-regulated learning strategies and the relationship between creative education atmosphere and self-regulated learning is mediated through intrinsic learning motivation. So, according to the importance of self-regulation and intrinsic motivation in the academic achievement, it is suggested that conditions be created for students to enhance the intrinsic motivation, use of self-regulation strategies increases. Consequently, results indicate that the creative education atmosphere influences the use of self-regulated learning strategies directlyand through mediation of learning motivation

The current study was carried out to investigate internal consistency and factor validity of Omnibus Trust Scale (OTS)developed by Hoy & Tschannen-moran (2003). In this study, 255 teachers from elementary schools of Bajestan were selected through multistage sampling method. Internal consistency of Omnibus Trust scale investigated by Cronbach’s alpha method and factor structure's scale were verified with principal axis factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis too. Results indicated that Cronbach’s alpha for scale is 0/96 and all of subscales have high degree of alpha too. Also factor analysis with principal axis and promax rotation indicated three components similar to what mentioned by designers in original study that these factors overall explained 71/04 percent of the variance in data. Confirmatory factor analysis of scale indicates that three extracted components structure have good fit to data, too. Findings of this study emphasize that Omnibus Trust Scaleis a reliable and valid instrument to assess faculty trust of Iranian teachers.

The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavior (CBT) therapy (Borkovec model) and mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in mediator variables of generalized anxiety disorder. A Semi experimental design using pre and post-test and a four months follow up was conducted. The statistical population comprised of women with generalized anxiety disorder in Tehran. Participants’ selection was based on availability and they were randomly assigned into two groups. In this research, the following measurement tools were used: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), Cognitive Avoidance Scale (CAQ), Problem Solving Inventory (PSI), Dysregulation of Emotion Scale (DERS), Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). Participants completed the tools in pre&post test and 4 months follow up. Data were analyzed via repeated measure analysis of variance. Results showed that CBT was effective in reducing cognitive avoidance, improving problem solving and emotion regulation in post-test and follow up compared to MBCT. MBCT was significantly effective in improving mindfulness attention awareness and self-compassion. It is inferred from the results that the effectiveness of the two treatments in mediator variables is different.

The purpose of this study is comparison of parents’ marital satisfaction based on the characteristics and type of children’s disability. According to the subject and purpose of the current research, the present study is the type of ex-post factor. The study’s participants were 125 couples who were selected and investigated by a random multi-stage cluster sampling. The study instruments include: Afrooz marital satisfaction Scale (Short form) and demographic questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed in two sections of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (ANOVA and independent t-test). Results showed that there is significant difference between parent’s marital satisfaction of students with hearing impairment, visuall impairment, mentall retardation and normal students (P<0.01). Group of parents who have students with hearing impairment had less marital satisfaction than other groups. This study also showed that there is a significant difference between groups of fathers and mothers in terms of marital satisfaction (P<0.001). According to the results of the current study it seems that marital satisfaction of parents with disabled children can be affected by type of children’s disability; and parents of children with hearing impairment have less marital satisfaction because they experience different needs and conditions from other parents. Thus we suggest to carry out effective and early intervention programs for parents of disabled children, especially parents of children with hearing impairment.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of mental toughness in prediction of coping strategies and competitive anxiety of elite track and field. the method of current research was descriptive-correlation. 182 male (mean age 23.65 years, SD=3.81) athletes in track and field, voluntary participated in the study. The sport competitive anxiety test (SCAT) was used to assess competitive anxiety, and also a coping strategies questionnaire for assessing strategies and sports mental toughness questionnaire (SMTQ) in athletes. The results were analyzed with SPSS 20. the data analyzed by pearson correlation and multiple regression methods. The results showed, mental toughness has a significant negative correlation with competitive anxiety and emotion orientation strategies and has a positive and significant relationship with task orientation strategies. the results of multiple regression showed competitive anxiety prediction and coping strategies by mental strength. the overall results showed that athletes with high mental toughness had lower competitive anxiety and also, in competitive conditions, used more than task orientation strategies.

This research carried out with the aim of Identifying and ranking of factors having impact on organizational-citizenship behavior. Research statistically population were the employees of a public organization in Bandarabbas in spring and summer 1390 (with 250 persons).Research sample group were the 187 employees of this organization. They were selected with the use of simple random sampling .Research instruments consist of job demands questionnaire with 7 items (in two subscale: role overload and ambiguity and role conflict), organizational citizenship behaviors questionnaire with 9 items, job resources questionnaire with 13 items (in three subscale: training and appreciation, supervision support and technological support. Data resulted from research questionnaire were analyzed through-test. Findings showed that all factors have significant relationship with organizational-citizenship behavior. (p

Robbery is one of the crimes against property security in the Islamic Penal Code (approved in 1392), for which various punishments have been made in proportion to the type of theft, including punishment. From the point of view of knowledge of root criminology and one of the causes of the emergence, development, advancement and occurrence of theft, we must look at the impact of psychosocial aspects. Hence, the purpose of this study is to examine the phenomena used as a means or by means of research analyzes and the identification of social and psychological injuries in the occurrence of theft. Antisocial personality disorder, the influence of the element of geographical location (time and place) on the transformation of psychological motivation, such as the tendency to success and the desire to gain strength and reputation, ineffectiveness and effectiveness, or enforcement of laws, being unfair and feeling of discrimination The fear of social control, the madness of stealing as one of a variety of personality disorders, having a penetrating abusive pattern and violating the rights of others and forcing a haram day to be one of the most effective psychological factors in the incidence of criminal theft, although social factors such as lack of Family support, unfair distribution of services and social security, mismanagement and lack of system Comprehensive management, lack of facilities and educational and training services, urban expansion, rising unemployment, economic and cultural poverty, devaluation of children's social health, drug use and alcohol, and the perceived ease of committing theft due to excessive displays. This is a crime through audio and video networks, which play a key role in the crime of robbery. This research is a descriptive-analytical study with a cross-disciplinary (psychological and sociological approach) and librarybased information gathering to study the impact of psychological and social aspects on crime.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between perception of classroom learning environment and academic emotion with mathematics improvement in two levels of student and classroom. This relationship was analyzed among six hundred students of 6Th grade from 20 classes. Students completed two questionnaires: Perceived learning environment of Frenzel, Pekrun, Goetz (2007) and academic emotional of Pekrun, Goetz, Frenzel (2005). Multilevel analysis found a significant and negative association of educational Anxiety and positive and significant association of enjoyment with mathematics performance at the student level and also significant association of perception dimensions from classroom learning environment including quality of mathematics instruction, peers' esteem, teachers' punishment, competition with mathematics achievements at the the school level. In full model, 29% and 71%, of the variance in mathematics performance explained based on the variables at student level and school level respectively. The results highlighted that the two-level model presents more knowledge on the contrary to the normal and one-level method

Lifelong learning is a centralized learning that occurs throughout a person's lifetime and occurs in the form of volunteering and spontaneous knowledge searches. The purpose of this study was to investigate the simple and multiple relationship between self-efficacy beliefs and intrinsic motivation with desire to learn lifelong learning. The statistical population of this study was psychological students of Payame Noor University of Ahwaz. 186 subjects were selected by simple random sampling method.The research data were obtained by self-efficacy beliefs questionnaire of Nezami, Schwarzer, & Jerusalem(1996),intrinsic motivationof Amabile (1996), and the desire to life-long learning of Dindar, & Bayrakci (2015), using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis Step by Step analyzed. The results showed that self-efficacy beliefs and intrinsic motivation are predictor of variables that tend to be lifelong learning, and explain the value of 0.55 of the total variance of criterion variables.Also, self-efficacy beliefs had the highest predictive power for lifelong learning (β = 0.50). As a result, life-long learning is nowadays a major issue in most countries where the underlying causes of it should be created in people.

The aim of this study was to compare the ethical self-superiority in terms of doing good deeds and in terms of not doing bad deeds. moral self-superiority has two forms: (1) the belief that "I do good things more than others", and (2) the belief that "I do bad things less than others", and the intensity of moral self-superiority can be different in these two areas. The research design was experimental and within-subjects and the research population were students of Islamic Azad University of Buin Zahra in 2016-17 academic year (N=5000) among which 73 were selected using random sampling. The research tool was a researcher-made scale in which the subjects were asked to determine whether they or others are more likely to do seven moral and immoral behaviors. One-sample t-test showed that when the subjects are confronted with unethical behaviors, they confirm that they are less likely than others to perform the behaviors (self-superiority), but when they encounter ethical behaviors, they do not announce that they are more likely than others to perform the behaviors (do not have self-superiority).

The first 5 years experience in school has an important role in children’s improvement and success drives, self- concept, mental health and proper performance. The first step to improve learning is identifying learning difficulties. The aim of this study was analyzing the lived experience of primary school teachers to represent the students' learning problems. Sampling has been purpose-based and after deep and semi structured interviews with 12 teachers, saturation was achieved. Data analysis was done via 7- stage strategy of Colaizzi and after referring results to the participants, the reliability was obtained. Deep analysis of data was resulted in extracting 2 main concepts of primary school students' learning problems and difficulties, including:  difficulties related to the teachers and descriptive evaluation, factors and 11 sub concepts. The results reveal the existence of some deep and wide problems in learning arena so that they can get the development and safety of education system face serious challenges.